Fashionable Dalian, also fashionable in disaster prevention and control
Dalian is located in the hinterland of Northeast China, bordered by the Yellow Sea to the east and the Bohai Sea to the west. It is known as the "Pearl of the North" and the "Romantic Capital, Fashionable Dalian". Due to the fact that the remnants of the Qianshan Mountains in the Changbai Mountains run through Dalian, the geographical environment is characterized by widespread distribution of mountains and low hills that have been eroded for a long time, while plains and lowlands are only sporadically distributed at the mouth of rivers and some mountain valleys; Karst terrain can be seen everywhere, and karst landforms are developed. These natural factors and human factors brought about by rapid economic development have become the main factors triggering geological disasters in Dalian, with characteristics different from those in Sichuan, Yunnan and other regions. Sun Shuheng, Deputy Chief Engineer of Liaoning Hydrogeological Engineering Geological Exploration Institute, gave us a detailed introduction on the information technology construction in the prevention and control of geological disasters in Dalian, and shared the "fashionable" strategies in the prevention and control of geological disasters in Dalian.
Fashion "is tailored to local conditions
The Dalian region has a vast territory and complex geological and geographical conditions, with mountains and hills accounting for about 70%. Affected by crustal movements, the geological structure is complex, with frequent neotectonic activities and significant differences in meteorological conditions over time and space. These natural conditions determine that Dalian is a region prone to geological disasters, with a wide range of types, distribution, and significant impact.
The main types of geological hazards in Dalian include collapse, landslide, debris flow, and ground subsidence. Due to the special geological structure conditions, strong natural geological processes, and human engineering and economic activities in Dalian, the frequency of various types of geological disasters is relatively high, making it one of the areas with frequent geological disasters in Liaoning Province. In the Laomao Mountain area in the north of Dalian, with steep slopes and fast flowing streams, it is a high-risk area for mudslides. A large-scale mudslide in 1981 caused significant casualties and economic losses; Ground collapses include the Daweijia karst collapse in Jinzhou New District, the Shihe karst collapse in Puwan New District, the ground collapse in the goaf of Shimian Mine in Jinzhou New District, and the ground collapse in the goaf of Huacu Mine in Wafangdian City.
In response to the characteristics of geological disasters in Dalian, Deputy Chief Engineer Sun said, "Our unit has been cooperating with the Dalian Land Resources and Housing Bureau to carry out geological disaster prevention and control work since 2002. Firstly, based on the 1:100000 geological disaster survey zoning work in Liaoning Province, we have identified the basic situation of geological disasters in Dalian and the distribution of important geological disaster hidden danger points, thus determining the geological disaster inspection points and conducting geological disaster inspections. We conduct geological disaster inspections once a year after rain or every half month during the flood season. Afterwards, since 2004, we have carried out geological disaster meteorological forecasting work, and later correspondingly increased geological disaster investigation and monitoring of important geological disaster hidden danger points. Taking the Ganjingzicha'an landslide in Dalian as an example, the total volume of this landslide reached 8.8 million cubic meters, It is the largest landslide in Northeast China, and we have been conducting initial monitoring, monitoring during the survey period, monitoring during the treatment period, and post monitoring after the completion of the treatment project. In 2009, in order to integrate the work of geological disaster prevention and control, we established the Dalian Geological Disaster Inspection and Forecasting Office, which includes geological disaster inspection, investigation, emergency investigation, geological disaster meteorological forecasting, geological disaster monitoring, etc. At present, we are preparing to establish the Dalian Geological Disaster Emergency Center, which includes a comprehensive room, a monitoring and early warning room, an emergency investigation room, and a geological disaster emergency rescue team. The establishment of the emergency center can better fulfill the geological disaster prevention and control functions entrusted to us by the government. So our geological disaster prevention and control work is based on the characteristics of geological disasters in Dalian. With the passage of time, the scope of responsibilities gradually expands, and the work content also increases
Fashion "is about replacing the old with the new
Sharp tools make good work. Since 2002, Dalian has introduced information technology such as GIS into its existing geological hazard prevention and control strategies, and has started to establish a MapGIS geological hazard investigation and zoning database. Our database has established various parameters in accordance with the unified format of the Ministry of Land and Resources, including the basic characteristics of geological hazard points such as point numbers, locations, and coordinates. So far, three rounds of geological hazard surveys and zoning have been conducted, with scales ranging from 1:500000, 1:250000, to 1:100000, and now 1:25000 and 1:10000. The accuracy continues to improve, and the basic information and spatial database of geological hazards are constantly improving. In 2011, the preliminary preparation work for the construction of the 'Dalian Geological Hazard Information Management System' began, and the construction of the geological hazard information system was carried out at the district (city, county) level. There are a total of 15 districts (city, county) in Dalian City After completion, a unified geological hazard information management system covering the entire city will be formed, and the city level management system can mobilize various subsystems of 15 districts (cities, counties) in the city. This geological hazard information system includes professional functions such as geological hazard information query and retrieval, geological hazard emergency investigation, disaster rapid reporting, group measurement and prevention network, prone area analysis, early warning and forecasting, prevention and control business reports, and government management functions. By the end of 2012, the geological hazard information system had been preliminarily established, and with a complete organizational system, it had achieved good results in the early stage. Now, various districts (cities, counties) have continuously fed back information in the process of use. In the past, we used to passively focus on geological disasters. We only started studying geological disasters when they occurred. Now, while carrying out engineering construction, we delve into the process of land acquisition for construction, conduct geological disaster pre assessment, evaluate the risk of geological disasters caused by construction projects, what measures need to be taken, conduct expert discussions, and form design plans. After the completion of the scheme design, construction and acceptance will be carried out simultaneously with the main project. So before the construction of the project, the construction unit needs to provide the coordinates of the land acquisition. By comparing the coordinates with the geological hazard information system, we can see whether the land acquisition scope is in a prone area or a non prone area. This effectively reduces the possibility of geological hazards caused by the construction of the project
The geological hazard information system can better carry out comprehensive information management in geological hazard prevention and control work. For example, when geological hazard supervisors hold meetings in other places, they can directly use smartphones, tablets and other devices around them to understand the occurrence of geological hazards in real time, communicate and respond to emergencies at any time. They can also simultaneously understand various information data with relevant personnel when geological hazards occur, share technical support from geological hazard prevention and control experts, and not be limited by time and space. Everything is under control, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of geological hazard prevention and control work. In addition, by connecting our geological hazard information system with the emergency platform of Dalian Land Resources and Housing Bureau and linking it with Dalian Meteorological Observatory, we can obtain real-time meteorological information and provide technical support for geological hazard warning and forecasting. The construction and operation of the geological hazard information system provide basic data for the prevention and control of geological hazards in Dalian, which is displayed on the emergency platform and provides decision-making basis for leaders
'Fashion' is to listen to both sides and understand
From 2002 to the present decade, the use of GIS technology has become an effective tool for geological hazard prevention and control in Dalian city. Deputy Chief Engineer Sun said, "The data used within the GIS system is updated in real time. When geological hazards or changes occur, the necessary information for geological hazard prevention and control can be found on the system, which plays an important role in the overall arrangement, scientific planning, and coordinated command of geological hazard emergency work; GIS technology enables the task of geological hazard prevention and control, which used to take many years to complete, to be completed in just one month; Tasks that require long-term completion can be completed in a short period of time; Those that can only be completed in the office can be completed in other places; Making prevention and control work more intelligent and efficient, saving a lot of manpower, material resources, and time, and improving emergency response speed. The introduction of GIS technology not only improves the efficiency and quality of geological disaster prevention and control work, but also brings us more challenges and opportunities. There are many issues that need to be studied and solved, including the development of early warning and forecasting systems, as well as the upgrading of information systems
Vice Chief Engineer Sun also mentioned a common issue in GIS industry applications, which is system compatibility. He mentioned, 'There are many geological exploration units like ours in the country. In the early stage of the construction of the geological hazard information platform, they were developed based on the MapGIS platform. The' Golden Soil Engineering 'used by the land and resources government department was developed using ArcGIS. The difference between ArcGIS platform and MapGIS platform is that the use and reading of data are different, and the storage methods are also different. It is difficult to avoid some cross cutting and various application problems in the conversion process.'. It is unrealistic to have a large number of geological exploration units transform their original MapGIS platform into ArcGIS platform, or to have the land and resources department change the 'Golden Soil Project' to rely on the MapGIS platform for development. Therefore, I believe that GIS should be better applied to geological disaster prevention and control work. I hope that GIS developers can further improve the compatibility and sharing of the platform, ensure mutual access and calling, so as to better apply the technical achievements obtained from geological exploration and geological environment investigation to the management of the land and resources department, and avoid the waste of manpower and funds caused by the separate development of each system
Fashion is being prepared for the future
The future geological disaster prevention and control work in Dalian city first needs to improve the geological disaster prevention and control plans of each district (city, county) and city level. Currently, the city level geological disaster prevention and control plans have been issued, and a batch of district (city, county) level plans have also been completed. Secondly, based on the results of geological disaster investigation, phased and regional geological disaster prevention and control will be carried out, mainly through geological disaster control survey, design and construction. Thirdly, the construction of some systems and regulations will be carried out in accordance with the law to carry out geological disaster prevention and control work and prevent new geological disasters caused by human activities. Fourthly, we need to strengthen the publicity and training of geological disaster prevention and control knowledge, so that management personnel at all levels and all citizens can enhance their awareness of disaster prevention and reduction. In recent years, we have carried out annual geological disaster prevention and control surveys at the city and district (city, county Training on geological hazard prevention and control knowledge at the () level. Fifth, conduct emergency drills for geological disasters. Every year, we conduct geological disaster drills at the municipal and district (city, county) levels, so that those threatened by geological disasters can understand the relevant knowledge of geological disaster prevention and control, and clarify emergency measures for geological disaster prevention and avoidance. These work contents have also been compiled in our geological hazard information system. The next step is to upgrade the geological hazard information system, including the upgrading of topographic maps and management methods and means. The relevant basic data should be updated in a timely manner. Some geological hazard points that have already been treated should be promptly revoked, and some newly occurring geological hazard points should be included in the information system in a timely manner to ensure better use of the information system. We have also considered integrating the geological hazard information system into the government intranet, utilizing the topographic maps provided within the intranet to enable managers at all levels to see the actual terrain conditions on site, facilitating decision-making and analysis
In June of this year, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued a national plan for the construction of geological environment informatization. Our information system is continuously improving and becoming an important component of the geological environment informatization management in Dalian. We have now completed the construction of geological disaster network environment, geological disaster information system, geological disaster business support system, geological disaster emergency technology platform, and geological disaster decision analysis system. The construction of the early warning and forecasting system in the geological disaster decision analysis system has begun the second phase of research and development, with more complete functions and improved accuracy. By utilizing the powerful functional characteristics of the MapGIS platform, we will further improve the construction of the geological disaster early warning and forecasting system
