The informatization of geological disasters protects the safety of millions of people in the south of colorful clouds
Li Chunyang
"Land of the Colorful Clouds" - a poetic name that perfectly presents the fantasy and richness of Yunnan Province, making people yearn for it. However, while possessing the characteristics of magic and beauty, due to its location on the collision zone between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate, the strata are fragmented and the structure is complex. Coupled with the influence of two warm and humid air currents from the Bay of Bengal and the northern Gulf of the Pacific, frequent heavy rainfall occurs, causing Yunnan Province to suffer from geological disasters dominated by collapses, landslides, and debris flows all year round.
Geological disasters still exist today, but on the "battlefield" of geological disaster prevention and control, staff are striving to break away from the passive situation of being beaten in order to ensure public safety. For the specific situation, let's listen to Chief Engineer Zhang Hongbing of the Yunnan Provincial Geological Environment Monitoring Institute explain in detail.
Ten Measures to Ensure Public Safety
In a decision on strengthening geological disaster prevention and control, the State Council proposed the geological disaster prevention goal of "completely establishing geological disaster investigation and evaluation systems, monitoring and early warning systems, prevention and control systems, and emergency systems by 2020." Yunnan, a heavily disaster-stricken area for geological disasters, has been working hard to build these four systems, and under the leadership of the provincial government, has specifically strengthened ten measures based on the characteristics of geological disasters in Yunnan Province.
"First is to increase investment in geological disaster prevention and control. After 2010, the provincial government specifically discussed the development of geological disasters in Yunnan Province, and the State Council also decided that from 2013 to 2020, 1 billion yuan would be arranged annually to subsidize Yunnan Province in carrying out comprehensive prevention and control system construction, which provided financial guarantees; secondly, a geological disaster prevention and control planning system has been established and improved. It requires each county to propose new planning for geological disaster prevention and control to determine the overall arrangement of prevention and control work; thirdly, in-depth geological disaster investigation and evaluation work has been carried out. This includes key sections and counties, as well as some relatively economic zones, such as the Qiaotou堡 key project, to improve forecasting levels through strengthened investigation and evaluation; fourthly, it requires comprehensive improvement of geological disaster monitoring, early warning capabilities and levels; fifthly, geological disaster dynamic patrol and investigation work has been strengthened. As we all know, the occurrence of geological disasters is closely related to earthquakes, so after each earthquake, staff must strengthen dynamic patrols of geological disaster隐患points."
"Sixth, improve the level of classified management of geological disasters. Because the scale of geological disasters varies in size, and the causes are different, this requires coordination among multiple departments for classified management; seventh, strengthen geological disaster emergency capabilities. The entire province has made many concrete arrangements for geological disaster emergency management, emergency system construction, and emergency保障; eighth, improve scientific and technological levels and strengthen personnel training, mainly increasing investment in training for grassroots personnel; ninth, widely carry out geological disaster prevention and control publicity. Increase investment in publicity at the village level, and also carry out some first-level drills at the village level, conducting geological disaster prevention and control publicity in many ways; the tenth aspect is to improve the geological disaster prevention and control work mechanism and strengthen departmental collaboration."
When talking about the implementation effects of the ten measures, Chief Engineer Zhang believes the effects are quite obvious. "We all know that the economy has developed rapidly in the past two years, and the disturbance to the earth's surface has also been great, but if calculated in five-year units, the current prevention and control level has improved significantly compared to the previous few five-year periods; under the condition of continuously enhanced disturbance activities and continuously expanding human activities, geological disasters have been controlled to a certain extent."
Mass Monitoring and Prevention Gather Public Strength
Due to different actual conditions in various provinces, generalizations cannot be made in specific geological disaster prevention and control work, which has given rise to the model of pilot projects followed by promotion. Chief Engineer Zhang uses the pilot project in Xinping, Yunnan as an example to discuss his views on pilot work. "The Ailao Mountain key demonstration project mainly targets landslide and debris flow prevention and control research in the Ailao Mountain area, and corresponding equipment has been deployed there, playing a driving role in professional geological disaster monitoring in Yunnan Province. Overall, it is reflected in two aspects: on one hand, strengthening grassroots personnel training to lay a solid foundation for geological disaster prevention and corresponding emergency investigations in Xinping County; on the other hand, further exploring the 'combination of mass and professional' approach in geological disaster prevention and control, gradually improving the overall regional geological disaster prevention and control level."
"As mentioned earlier about the 'combination of mass and professional', we must talk about 'mass monitoring and prevention', these two often go 'hand in hand'. This year, the Yunnan Provincial Government specifically issued a decision on further investigating geological disaster work, proposing corresponding management ideas and strengthening government responsibilities. After all, the four systems of geological disaster prevention and control cannot be done well by 'going it alone'. Several systems have been strengthened: first is the graded responsibility system, that is, counties, towns, and villages are responsible for geological disasters in their regions at different levels, and relevant personnel who discover geological disasters have the responsibility to report; second is the emergency plan system, formulating relevant emergency systems for some emerging隐患; third is the monitor system, monitors are responsible for geological disaster patrol work in their villages, and must report promptly after discovery. The provincial government also provides each monitor with a subsidy of one thousand yuan annually. In addition, we have strengthened the implementation of patrol and investigation systems, flood season duty and rapid reporting systems, and emergency drill systems. The entire system ensures that after险情occurs, data can be quickly grasped by land and resources departments."
Information Construction Gathers Public Wisdom
Yunnan Province is a pilot province for information system construction, so information construction is carried out within the national overall framework. "Specifically, Yunnan Province's geological disaster prevention and control information construction began with county and city geological disaster investigations and zoning in 2001. All 129 counties and districts under its jurisdiction have completed geological disaster zoning work and established county-level geological disaster databases, further strengthening information management at the county level. In terms of information成果application, it mainly involves geological disaster investigation, analysis, and prevention and control planning. In addition, professional geological disaster monitoring has been carried out, such as the Nujiang Canyon professional monitoring demonstration area, where the professional monitoring construction work for 10 debris flow gullies was basically completed this year; professional early warning has been deepened, and some geological models have been completed according to Yunnan Province's geographical characteristics. Information construction mainly serves government management and provides scientific basis for decision-making."
As a specific成果of Yunnan Province's geological disaster prevention and control informatization - the "Geological Disaster Meteorological Early Warning and Forecast" project completed by the Geological Disaster Early Warning Center also passed acceptance in July this year. "This is a provincial and prefectural-level shared geological disaster early warning and forecasting system built on the MapGIS K9 Internet GIS platform. It is mainly based on geological environment background, meteorological data, and historical geological disasters for analysis and research, dividing Yunnan's geological disaster meteorological early warning areas, establishing a geological disaster early warning database and early warning and forecasting models suitable for the entire province of Yunnan, and developing the Yunnan Province Geological Disaster Meteorological Risk Early Warning System. It uses computer technology, GIS technology, and network technology to achieve functions such as rainfall management, early warning analysis, disaster management, map management, and system settings."
"After 4 months of trial operation, the project's usage效果is still good. Its refinement level has reached 1381 sites, and it can achieve two sets of models for成果maintenance forecasting, with成果comparison possible, and better models adopted through final verification; this system is open-ended, and as sites increase, the system's forecasting accuracy can also continue to improve; furthermore, its errors are adjustable, and early warning knowledge and methods can be upgraded as research deepens. Overall, this project system has complete and practical functions, is highly operational, runs stably and reliably, meets the needs of provincial geological disaster prevention business management work, and provides scientific, timely, and effective information guidance for decision-making by relevant government departments and disaster reduction measures by people in disaster areas."
Emphasize Science and Technology, Focus on Grassroots
In information construction, the application of advanced technologies represented by 3S technology is becoming increasingly important with broad prospects. When discussing how these technologies are specifically applied in Yunnan's geological disaster prevention and control information construction, Chief Engineer Zhang stated: They have been widely applied in Yunnan Province's geological disaster information construction work.
"In the four systems of geological disaster prevention and control, basically each system involves the application of technologies such as remote sensing, GIS, and GNSS. We have built a 3D GIS platform, on which we have completed Yunnan Province's prevention and control information platform single map. In practical applications, we cooperate with the Surveying and Mapping Bureau to use unmanned aerial vehicles to obtain important information about landslides and other geological disasters in real time. This has now formed a fixed system, and if there are major disasters, unmanned aerial vehicles will promptly rush to the scene to provide real-time information to guide our work and investigation focus, allowing us to follow up in a timely manner. For example, after the Yiliang earthquake in Yunnan last year, unmanned aerial vehicles promptly flew to the scene to collect relevant geological disaster information."
People often use "being迷in the局" to describe those who are in the situation but cannot jump out of the circle to see things clearly. However, Chief Engineer Zhang, who has been fighting on the front lines of geological disaster investigation for many years, has achieved "being清in the局". At the end of the interview, Chief Engineer Zhang earnestly discussed his thoughts on Yunnan Province's geological disaster prevention and control work.
"Based on many years of work experience, I believe that geological disaster prevention and control work should mainly be done at the grassroots level, because emergency response cannot always be泛面, but must be specific to grassroots construction. Local management is the best management model. Currently, construction at the county level is actually blank, so we need to increase investment, attach importance to training and cultivation of technical personnel at the county level, and strengthen grassroots technical team construction. Overall, this can improve unit performance; in addition, although the country is also focusing on science and technology, overall progress is slower than planned, so we hope that the technological progress related to geological disasters needs further strengthening; furthermore, we need to improve relevant institutional保障, such as when there are geological disaster隐患in certain sections, but for local economic development and people's convenience, roads will be laid in these sections. However, due to insufficient funding, the road protection level is low and protection measures are not standardized, which may ultimately lead to geological disasters. Therefore, I believe that corresponding systems should be established to ensure that infrastructure construction is standardized, and various departments should also strengthen coordination and cooperation."
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